DNS also known as a Domain Name System is a computer that is used with networks (including the internet) to look up domain names (website names) and respond by sending the corresponding IP back to the computer doing the request. To put it simply, we as humans can not remember all the IP numbers for all the websites we visit so we assign domain names to those numbers. When a visitor enters a website name on their browser, it sends a request to the DNS server and the DNS server sends the IP address back to the visitors computer and that tells the computer where to go and get the information.
For more information see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System
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