AI, short for artificial intelligence, is computer software. It does tasks that usually need human judgment. Tasks include writing text, translating languages, recognizing images and planning steps. Firms build AI models. People use them through chatbots and an application programming interface (API).
History of AI
Creator: Alan Turing (1950 paper); John McCarthy and the 1956 Dartmouth workshop group. Year: 1956.
Alan Turing wrote a paper in 1950. The paper is called Computing Machinery and Intelligence. It gave the Turing test. The test asks if a machine can act like a human. It uses a text conversation. AI research began at a workshop in 1956. The workshop was at Dartmouth College. The first AI program was Logic Theorist. It was shown at that workshop. Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon made it. John McCarthy is an early AI founder. He said that intelligence is the computing part of reaching goals.
For decades after 1956, people wrote rules for AI programs. This is called symbolic AI. Later work used machine learning. A machine learning program learns patterns from data. Deep learning uses many layers of artificial neurons. Large language models (LLMs) learn from large amounts of text. They predict and generate language. Chatbots use these models. They answer a question. They also do a task from a plain text request. Current chatbots include ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, Copilot and Meta AI.
Several listed firms were founded after 2015. OpenAI was announced on December 11, 2015. Anthropic was founded in January 2021. Mistral AI was founded in April 2023. DeepSeek was founded in July 2023 in Hangzhou, China. The list below names eight AI firms. It gives the AI name each one uses for its main product.
AI companies and their AI names
OpenAI: ChatGPT
OpenAI was announced on December 11, 2015. It is based in San Francisco. Its chatbot is ChatGPT, a generative AI chatbot.
Anthropic: Claude
Anthropic was founded in January 2021. Its chatbot and model family is Claude. Claude was first released in March 2023.
Google: Gemini
Google opened its chatbot, Bard, on March 21, 20231. Google renamed Bard to Gemini on February 8, 2024.
Microsoft: Copilot
Microsoft Copilot is an AI chatbot made by Microsoft. Its roots lie in the AI chat that Microsoft added to Bing on February 7, 2023.
Meta: Llama
Meta AI makes the Llama large language model family. Meta released Llama 4 on April 5, 2025, and it is the newest Llama release. Meta's newer models, such as Muse Spark, are proprietary2. Meta also runs Meta AI as its chatbot.
xAI (now SpaceXAI): Grok
xAI was incorporated on March 9, 2023. It is now part of SpaceX and uses the SpaceXAI name. Its chatbot and model family is Grok.
Mistral AI: Mistral Vibe
Mistral AI was founded in April 2023 in Paris. Its chatbot Le Chat was renamed Mistral Vibe on May 28, 2026.
DeepSeek: DeepSeek
DeepSeek is a Chinese AI firm. It was founded in July 2023 in Hangzhou, Zhejiang. Its chatbot uses the company name DeepSeek.
Changelog and latest update
The timeline starts with the 1950 Turing paper. It reaches the 1956 Dartmouth workshop. Early programs used written rules. Teams reported progress in games and logic. Machine learning later became the main approach. In it, a program learns patterns from data. The 2020s brought large language models. They make text from a prompt.
Changes in the last decade include new firms and new chatbots. Anthropic was founded in January 2021. Mistral AI was founded in April 2023. DeepSeek was founded in July 2023. xAI was incorporated in March 2023. It later became part of SpaceX. Meta released Llama 4 on April 5, 2025. Microsoft added AI chat to Bing on February 7, 2023. Google renamed Bard to Gemini on February 8, 2024. Anthropic first released Claude in March 2023.
Latest update: xAI renamed SpaceXAI, 2026-07
xAI is now part of SpaceX. Reports say the company switched its X handle to @SpaceXAI and unveiled a new logo in early July 2026. Sources disagree on whether the company website and regulatory filings already use the new name. In May 2026, Elon Musk said xAI would stop operating as a standalone company.
Usage examples
Many AI firms offer an application programming interface (API). An API takes a request. The request holds a model name and a message. The reply comes back in JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) format. JSON is a text format for data. Each provider gives you a secret key. Keep the key on the server. Never put it in page code. The examples use the placeholders YOUR_API_KEY and MODEL_NAME. Replace them with your key and a model name. Find model names in the provider docs. Each request can cost money. Check the price list first.
curl https://api.openai.com/v1/chat/completions \
-H "Authorization: Bearer YOUR_API_KEY" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{"model": "MODEL_NAME",
"messages": [{"role": "user",
"content": "Hello"}]}'Sends one user message to an OpenAI chat model. The Authorization header carries the API key as a bearer token. The reply holds the model answer in the choices list. OpenAI is the company behind ChatGPT.
curl https://api.anthropic.com/v1/messages \
-H "x-api-key: YOUR_API_KEY" \
-H "anthropic-version: 2023-06-01" \
-H "content-type: application/json" \
-d '{"model": "MODEL_NAME",
"max_tokens": 100,
"messages": [{"role": "user",
"content": "Hello"}]}'Sends one message to a Claude model. The x-api-key header carries the key. The anthropic-version header names the API version. The max_tokens value limits the reply length. Claude is the chatbot and model family from Anthropic.
curl -s \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
"https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com/v1beta/models/MODEL_NAME:generateContent?key=YOUR_API_KEY" \
-d '{"contents": [{"parts": [{"text": "Hello"}]}]}'Sends one text part to a Gemini model through the Google Generative Language API. The key is passed in the query string. The reply holds candidate answers. Gemini is the chatbot and model family from Google.
References
These sources are outside Websnoogie and were checked on 2026-10-12.
Artificial intelligence - Wikipedia
Wikipedia
Encyclopedia article on artificial intelligence. It covers the 1950 Turing paper, the 1956 Dartmouth workshop, the main AI approaches and the current chatbot and model names. Each claim has a cited source.
Large language model - Wikipedia
Wikipedia
Encyclopedia article on large language models. It explains how a model trains on large amounts of text and makes new text. It gives examples of models built by large AI firms.
AI Risk Management Framework
NIST (U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology)
U.S. government framework for managing risk in AI systems. It lists trust goals such as safety, fairness and explainability. It gives guidance for teams that design, build, deploy or use AI. The framework is voluntary.
Anthropic
Anthropic
Official Anthropic website. It describes the company and its Claude models. It is the company site for Anthropic products.
Google Gemini
Google
Official site of the Gemini chatbot from Google. It is where people open the Gemini chat on the web.
AI drafts fast, facts still need a check
Twenty-plus years of web design work taught us one rule about AI. It can draft words quickly, but a person must check each fact before it reaches a visitor. A wrong price or a wrong hour on your site costs you trust. That rule applies to every page we build, including the pages where AI helped with the first draft.
Artificial intelligence (AI) tools write text, suggest headings and propose images. We use them as helpers, then we check each line against the prices and details you give us. Our $300 website pages are never left to a tool alone.
Our company started in 2012, and our CMS hosting plan costs $149 a year. A CMS, or content management system, lets you update wording after launch. Use an AI draft if you want one, and we will still review every change before it goes live. We keep notes on each change, so you can see what changed and why.
Call 402-813-4034 to ask how we would use AI on your pages. We will answer in plain terms and name any cost first. Plain answers are our rule, and every price we quote comes with its date. Or use the button below to see the $300 website package.
